AI has the potential to help us address climate change, find cures for diseases, and improve our understanding of the universe. For example, AI is already being used to develop new solar panels, design more efficient batteries, and identify cancer cells.
AI can make our lives easier and more efficient. AI can automate many of the tasks that we currently do manually, freeing up our time for more creative and fulfilling activities. For example, AI can be used to drive cars, answer customer service questions, and provide personalized recommendations.
AI can help us make better decisions. AI can analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns that we might not be able to see. This information can then be used to make better decisions about everything from investment strategies to medical treatments.
AI can help us learn and grow. AI can be used to create personalized learning experiences that are tailored to our individual needs. This can help us learn more effectively and efficiently.
AI can make us more creative. AI can be used to generate new ideas and solve problems in new ways. This can help us be more creative in our work, our relationships, and our lives.
In short, AI has the potential to make our lives better in many ways. It can help us solve some of the world's biggest problems, make our lives easier and more efficient, help us make better decisions, learn and grow, and be more creative. As AI continues to develop, it is likely that we will find even more ways to use it to improve our lives.
Here are some additional benefits of AI that are not mentioned above:
AI can help us understand ourselves better. By analyzing our behavior and data, AI can help us to understand our own thoughts, feelings, and motivations. This can be helpful for improving our mental health and well-being.
AI can help us connect with each other in new ways. AI can be used to create virtual communities and platforms for communication. This can help us to connect with people from all over the world and learn from each other's experiences.
AI can help us to create a more sustainable future. AI can be used to develop new technologies that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. This can help us to reduce our impact on the planet and create a more sustainable future for all.
Of course, there are also some potential risks associated with AI, such as the possibility of job displacement and the misuse of AI for malicious purposes. However, the potential benefits of AI are so great that it is worth taking these risks seriously and working to mitigate them.
Overall, AI is a powerful technology that has the potential to change the world for the better. It is important that we use AI responsibly and ethically, so that we can reap the benefits of this technology while minimizing the risks
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Technology: A World History offers an illuminating backdrop to our present moment--a brilliant history of invention around the globe. Historian Daniel R. Headrick ranges from the Stone Age and the beginnings of agriculture to the Industrial Revolution and the electronic revolution of the recent past. In tracing the growing power of humans over nature through increasingly powerful innovations, he compares the evolution of technology in different parts of the world, providing a much broader account than is found in other histories of technology. We also discover how small changes sometimes have dramatic results--how, for instance, the stirrup revolutionized war and gave the Mongols a deadly advantage over the Chinese. And how the nailed horseshoe was a pivotal breakthrough for western farmers. Enlivened with many illustrations, Technology offers a fascinating look at the spread of inventions around the world, both as boons for humanity and as weapons of destruction
GenresFaith and Spirituality, Documentary, Special Interest
SubtitlesEnglish [CC]
Audio languagesEnglish
The End Times Sign of Technology
(11)
56min
2020
13+
How do we know the end times are upon us and that Jesus Christ is returning soon? The incredible end times sign of technology! Nathan Jones explores just nine of the end times signs related to technology foretold in the Bible.
Since the introduction of mass media, academic debates in the field of communications and among the everyday discussions of citizens around the world, tend to emphasize on the importance of news and entertainment media as mediums of political discourse, and especially on their role as dynamic forces to nations’ democratization. In United States particularly, scholars and observers place considerable responsibility upon the shoulders of new media for the current state of U.S. polity and culture.
When the term new media was first introduced, critics that studied it entered the sphere of hope, trying to evaluate whether the new technological forms could foster participation, increase the level of awareness regarding politics among citizens, and reestablish interaction. Internet chat rooms, talk shows, live TV shows, and all interactive multimedia networks of various forms, fueled and continue to feed this hope, which makes contemporary critics believe that the significance of politics could be understood by the vast majority, decreasing lack of interest. But have things changed due to the introduction and use of these new media forms? Do people feel more democratized and are they better involved in the political processes that govern their everyday lives?
Unfortunately, as different studies suggest, new media have altered not the number of people involved, but actually the scope of their interest in public policy and politics. That is mainly because new media technologies provide both new challenges and dangers. There is the danger that a new technopoly will further colonize everyday life, as consumers passively absorb 500 plus channels of the same old cultural forms. Yet the new technologies also provide individuals with weapons to produce new forms of culture and to program their own cultural environment. The overwhelming increase in media technologies ready to enter the consumer market and attract attention, suggests that there is still hope out there for new media to realize their role in the democratization process of contemporary citizens.
At the same time, one has to keep in mind that a variety of studies argue that a person’s critical media pedagogy ultimately requires the restructuring of the media, schooling, and everyday life. Contemporary societies are producing wondrous new technologies and immense social wealth, but it is unequally distributed and often used as forms of domination and destruction, rather than to promote human betterment. Critical media pedagogy must intervene in this challenging and threatening situation and struggle to overcome the worst features of existing societies and cultures by striving to create better ones. Critical media pedagogy actually inevitably intersects with progressive politics and the project of radical social transformation. To the extent that these outcomes contribute to the democratization of today’s citizens, they are advancing both the theoretical base of analysis and peoples’ political interest, in the present ambiguous political moment.
A rich American tradition of critical media analysis and pedagogy can aid people make their way further into the corporate-dominated, advertising-saturated, information-and-communication-based, world economic order of this century and beyond. As more and more people are getting increasingly sick of politics as theatre, confrontation, conspiracy, cynicism and policy emptiness and they do have a hunger for substance, they search for ideas that really do seem to be addressing the problems they are experiencing and feeling in their daily lives, will lead them to find the political players who will share those pre-occupations and be able to relate to them at a direct and human level.
This week’s paper review is the second in a series on “The Future of the Shell” (Part 1, a paper about possible ways to innovate in the shell ishere). As always, feel free to reach out onTwitterwith feedback or suggestions about papers to read! These weekly paper reviews can alsobe delivered weekly to your inbox.
This week’s paper discussesgg, a system designed to parallelize commands initiated from a developer desktop using cloud functions- an alternative summary is thatggallows a developer to, for a limited time period, “rent a supercomputer in the cloud”.
While parallelizing computation using cloud functions is not a new idea on its own,ggfocuses specifically on leveraging affordable cloud compute functions to speed up applications not natively designed for the cloud, likemake-based build systems (common in open source projects), unit tests, and video processing pipelines.
What are the paper’s contributions?
The paper’s contains two primary contributions: the design and implementation ofgg(a general system for parallelizing command line operations using a computation graph executed with cloud functions) and the application ofggto several domains (including unit testing, software compilation, and object recognition).
To accomplish the goals ofgg, the authors needed to overcome three challenges: managing software dependencies for the applications running in the cloud, limiting round trips from the developer’s workstation to the cloud (which can be incurred if the developer’s workstation coordinates cloud executions), and making use of cloud functions themselves.
To understand the paper’s solutions to these problems, it is helpful to have context on several areas of related work:
Process migration and outsourcing:ggaims to outsource computation from the developer’s workstation to remote nodes. Existing systems likedistccandiceccuse remote resources to speed up builds, but often require long-lived compute resources, potentially making them more expensive to use. In contrast,gguses cloud computing functions that can be paid for at the second or millisecond level.
Container orchestration systems:ggruns computation in cloud functions (effectively containers in the cloud). Existing container systems, like Kubernetes or Docker Swarm, focus on the actual scheduling and execution of tasks, but don’t necessarily concern themselves with executing dynamic computation graphs - for example, if Task B’s inputs are the output of Task A, how can we make the execution of Task A fault tolerant and/or memoized.
Workflow systems:ggtransforms an application into small steps that can be executed in parallel. Existing systems following a similar model (like Spark) need to be be programmed for specific tasks, and are not designed for “everyday” applications that a user would spawn from the command line. While Spark can call system binaries, the binary is generally installed on all nodes, where each node is long-lived. In contast,ggstrives to provide the minimal dependencies and data required by a specific step - the goal of limiting dependencies also translates into lower overhead for computation, as less data needs to be transferred before a step can execute. Lastly, systems like Spark are accessed through language bindings, whereasggaims to be language agnostic.
Burst-parallel cloud functions:ggaims to be a higher-level and more general system for running short-lived cloud functions than existing approaches - the paper citesPyWrenandExCameraas two systems that implement specific functions using cloud components (a MapReduce-like framework and video encoding, respectively). In contrast,ggaims to provide, “common services for dependency management, straggler mitigation, and scheduling.”
Build tools:ggaims to speed up multiple types of applications through parallelization in the cloud. One of those applications, compiling software, is addressed by systems likeBazel,Pants, andBuck. These newer tools are helpful for speeding up builds by parallelizing and incrementalizing operations, but developers will likely not be able to use advanced features of the aforementioned systems unless they rework their existing build.
Now that we understand more about the goals ofgg, let’s jump into the system’s design and implementation.
Design and implementation of gg
ggcomprises three main components:
Thegg Intermediate Representation (gg IR)used to represent the units of computation involved in an application -gg IRlooks like a graph, where dependencies between steps are the edges and the units of computation/data are the nodes.
Frontends, which take an application and generate the intermediate representation of the program.
Backends, which execute thegg IR, store results, and coalesce them when producing output.
Thegg Intermediate Representation (gg IR)describes the steps involved in a given execution of an application. Each step is described as athunk, and includes the command that the step invokes, environment variables, the arguments to that command, and all inputs. Thunks can also be used to represent primitive values that don’t need to be evaluated - for example, binary files like gcc need to be used in the execution of a thunk, but do not need to be executed. Athunkis identified using a content-addressing schemethat allows onethunkto depend on another (by specifying the objects array as described in the figure below).
Frontendsproduce thegg IR, either through a language-specific SDK (where a developer describes an application’s execution in code)or with amodel substitution primitive. The model substitution primitive mode usesgg inferto generate all of the thunks (a.k.a. steps) that would be involved in the execution of the original command. This command executes based on advanced knowledge of how to model specific types of systems - as an example, imagine defining a way to process projects that usemake. In this case,gg inferis capable of converting the aforementionedmakecommand into a set of thunks that will compile independent C++ files in parallel, coalescing the results to produce the intended binary - see the figure below for a visual representation.
Backendsexecute thegg IRproduced by theFrontendsby “forcing” the execution of the thunk that corresponds to the output of the application’s execution. The computation graph is then traced backwards along the edges that lead to the final output. Backends can be implemented on different cloud providers, or even use the developer’s local machine. While the internals of the backends may differ, each backend must have three high-level components:
Storage engine: used to perform CRUD operations for content-addressable outputs (for example, storing the result of a thunk’s execution).
Execution engine: a function that actually performs the execution of a thunk, abstracting away actual execution. It must support, “a simple abstraction: a function that receives a thunk as the input and returns the hashes of its output objects (which can be either values or thunks)”. Examples of execution engines are “a local multicore machine, a cluster of remote VMs, AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and IBM Cloud Functions (OpenWhisk)”.
Coordinator: The coordinator is a process that orchestrates the execution of agg IRby communicating with one or more execution engines and the storage engine. It provides higher level services like making scheduling decisions, memoizing thunk execution (not rerunning a thunk unnecessarily), rerunning thunks if they fail, and straggler mitigation.
Applying and evaluating gg
Theggsystem was applied to, and evaluated against, fouruse cases: software compilation, unit testing, video encoding, and object recognition.
For software compilation, FFmpeg, GIMP, Inkscape, and Chromium were compiled either locally, using a distributed build tool (icecc), or withgg. For medium-to-large programs, (Inkscape and Chromium),ggperformed better than the alternatives with anAWS Lambdaexecution engine, likely because it is better able to handle high degrees of parallelism - aggbased compilation is able to perform all steps remotely, whereas the two other systems perform bottlenecking-steps at the root node. The paper also includes an interesting graphic outlining the behavior ofggworker’s during compilation, which contains an interesting visual of straggler mitigation (see below).
For unit testing, the LibVPX test suite was built in parallel withggon AWS Lambda, and compared with a build box - the time differences between the two strategies was small, but that authors argue that theggbased solution was able to provide results earlier because of its parallelism.
For video encoding,ggperformed worse than an optimized implementation (based on ExCamera), although theggbased system introduces memoization and fault tolerance.
For object recognition,ggwas compared toScanner, and observed significant speedupsthat the authors attribute togg’s scheduling algorithm and removing abstraction in Scanner’s design.
Conclusion
Whileggseems like an exciting system for scaling command line applications, it may not be the best fit for every project (as indicated by the experimental results) - in particular,ggseems well positioned to speed up traditional make-based builds without requiring a large-scale migration. The paper authors also note limitations of the system, likegg’s incompatibility with GPU programs -my previous paper review on Rayseems relevant to adaptingggin the future.
A quote that I particularly enjoyed from the paper’s conclusion was this:
As a computing substrate, we suspect cloud functions are in a similar position to Graphics Processing Units in the 2000s. At the time, GPUs were designed solely for 3D graphics, but the community gradually recognized that they had become programmable enough to execute some parallel algorithms unrelated to graphics. Over time, this “general-purpose GPU” (GPGPU) movement created systems-support technologies and became a major use of GPUs, especially for physical simulations and deep neural networks. Cloud functions may tell a similar story. Although intended for asynchronous microservices, we believe that with sufficient effort by this community the same infrastructure is capable of broad and exciting new applications. Just as GPGPU computing did a decade ago, nontraditional “serverless” computing may have far-reaching effects.
Thanks for reading, and feel free to reach out with feedback onTwitter- until next time!
TheGoogle Pixel 6is expected to land later this year - likely in October - but it probably won’t be alone, with the Google Pixel 6 XL also rumored.
This would be a return to Google’s old smartphone approach seen with thePixel 4andPixel 4 XL– an approach it dropped in 2020 by only launching a standardGoogle Pixel 5.
But what will this choice of phones mean for buyers? While nothing has been confirmed just yet, we have a good idea of what the key differences between the Google Pixel 6 and the Pixel 6 XL are likely to be, and you can read them all below.
1. The camera configuration
Leaks suggest this is what the Pixel 6 XL's camera looks like(Image credit: Jon Prosser / @RendersbyIan)
The Pixel 6 range looks set to include big camera upgrades, with both models probably having a 50MP main snapper (up from just 12.2MP on the Pixel 5). But while the standard Pixel 6 will probably stick with just two rear lenses, the Google Pixel 6 XL is rumored to be the first Google phone with a triple-lens camera.
There’s some disagreement as to the specs of these, butthe latest leakssuggest the Pixel 6 XL will have both a 12MP ultra-wide camera and a 48MP telephoto one, with the standard Pixel 6 just getting the ultra-wide.
So if you want to be able to take telephoto shots, then the Pixel 6 XL will likely be the phone to opt for – and with talk of the optical zoomreaching either 4.4x or 5x, it could be able to snap more distant subjects than any previous Pixel phone too.
And the Google Pixel 6 XL might have camera upgrades on the front as well, with rumors of a 12MP snapper there, and just an 8MP one on the basic Pixel 6.
2. The screen size
The Google Pixel 6 XL wouldn’t be an XL without a bigger screen, so it’s no wonder that we’ve heard rumors it has a 6.71-inch (orpossibly 6.67-inch) screen, while the standard Google Pixel 6 is rumored to have a 6.4-inch one.
So neither of these phones will be exactly tiny if that pans out, but the Pixel 6 will be fairly average sized, while the Pixel 6 XL would be large.
Of course, bigger isn’t always better. That will make it harder to use one-handed, and also make the body bigger, so you might struggle to fit the Pixel 6 XL in smaller pockets – especially withthe big camera bump we’ve seen on the backin leaks.
But having a bigger screen can also be beneficial when watching videos, playing games, and even browsing apps and websites. So you’ll have to decide which option is the better fit for you.
3. The battery capacity
The Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 XL could both have bigger batteries than the Pixel 5(Image credit: Future)
Being a bigger phone means there should also be room for a bigger battery in the Google Pixel 6 XL, and indeed it’srumored to have a 5,000mAh one, with the Pixel 6 thought to have a smaller 4,614mAh one.
That’s roughly a 400mAh difference, which could have quite an impact, except of course that as the Pixel 6 XL also probably has a bigger screen, it might take more battery to power. So it remains to be seen which of these two phones will actually last the longest between charges.
4. The storage and RAM
While both the Google Pixel 6 and the Pixel 6 XL are thought to usea new Google-made chipsetthat we haven’t yet seen in any other phones, the Pixel 6 XL might still have the edge when it comes to power, as it’s rumored to have 12GB of RAM, while the standard Pixel 6 reportedly has 8GB.
As is often the case, that extra RAM might also be paired with extra storage, as while the standard Pixel 6 is said to come with 128GB or 256GB, the Google Pixel 6 XL might come with a choice of those capacities or 512GB. Of course, you might have to pay a lot for the 512GB model.
5. The price
Expect both upcoming models to cost more than the Pixel 5(Image credit: Future)
That brings us neatly to the price, and this is one aspect of the Pixel 6 range that we haven’t actually heard anything about yet. But with rumors of a bigger screen, more RAM, more cameras, a bigger battery and potentially more storage, the Google Pixel 6 XL is sure to cost more than its smaller sibling.
What that price might be we can only guess, but the Google Pixel 5 retailed for $699 / £599 / AU$999 and we’d expect the standard Pixel 6 to cost at least that much. If anything it might cost more, since the Pixel 5 only had a mid-range chipset and the Pixel 6 isrumored to have a fairly high-end one.
Whatever the Pixel 6 ends up costing, we’d think the Pixel 6 XL might be around $200 / £200 / AU$300 more, so it could get close to four-digit pricing in the US and the UK.
Theprocessors of the futuremight not be made with silicon as they have been for nearly 50 years. New research headed by ARM and PragmaIC has produced a flexible processor made out of plastic. The PlasticARM processor provides a look at the future, where microprocessors can show up in everything from clothes to milk jugs.
Researchers published their findings inNature, unveiling the world’s “most complex flexible integrated circuit built with metal-oxide TFTs.” TFTs, or thin-film transistors, enable processors to be built on flexible surfaces. Over silicon, building on plastic would allow chip makers to create chips more cheaply and apply them in more unique ways.
The researchers point out bottles, food packages, garments, wearable patches, and bandages as only a few applications of a flexible processor. In the future, smart milk jugs could let you know when your milk has soured or you could monitor your vitals through a wearable patch. A key part of this innovation, according to researchers, is cost. Plastic manufacturing would make chips a viable addition to everyday objects.
As for the PlasticARM processor itself, it’s a 32-bit microprocessor that’s based on ARM’s Cortex-M0+ processor, and it supports the ARMv6-M architecture. This instruction set already has a toolchain for software development, so developers could design programs for the processor the researchers built. According to the paper, the PlasticARM system on a chip (SoC) is “capable of running programs from its internal memory.”
The design (pictured above) is comprised of a 32-bit processor, over 18,000 logic gates, memory, and a controller. Researchers say that future iterations could include up to 100,000 logic gates before power consumption becomes an issue.
The paper is quick to point out that this development isn’t intended to replace silicon. According to the paper “silicon will maintain advantages in terms of performance, density and power efficiency.” TFTs simply enable wider adoption of processors in “novel form factors and at cost points unachievable with silicon, thereby vastly expanding the range of potential applications.”
PlasticARM could pioneer a new “internet of everything,” where more than a trillion objects will be able to take advantage of a dedicated processor. As Intel’s 4-bit 4004 CPU did almost 50 years ago, PlasticARM could begin a new era of innovation in computing.
Theprocessors of the futuremight not be made with silicon as they have been for nearly 50 years. New research headed by ARM and PragmaIC has produced a flexible processor made out of plastic. The PlasticARM processor provides a look at the future, where microprocessors can show up in everything from clothes to milk jugs.
Researchers published their findings inNature, unveiling the world’s “most complex flexible integrated circuit built with metal-oxide TFTs.” TFTs, or thin-film transistors, enable processors to be built on flexible surfaces. Over silicon, building on plastic would allow chip makers to create chips more cheaply and apply them in more unique ways.
The researchers point out bottles, food packages, garments, wearable patches, and bandages as only a few applications of a flexible processor. In the future, smart milk jugs could let you know when your milk has soured or you could monitor your vitals through a wearable patch. A key part of this innovation, according to researchers, is cost. Plastic manufacturing would make chips a viable addition to everyday objects.
As for the PlasticARM processor itself, it’s a 32-bit microprocessor that’s based on ARM’s Cortex-M0+ processor, and it supports the ARMv6-M architecture. This instruction set already has a toolchain for software development, so developers could design programs for the processor the researchers built. According to the paper, the PlasticARM system on a chip (SoC) is “capable of running programs from its internal memory.”
The design (pictured above) is comprised of a 32-bit processor, over 18,000 logic gates, memory, and a controller. Researchers say that future iterations could include up to 100,000 logic gates before power consumption becomes an issue.
The paper is quick to point out that this development isn’t intended to replace silicon. According to the paper “silicon will maintain advantages in terms of performance, density and power efficiency.” TFTs simply enable wider adoption of processors in “novel form factors and at cost points unachievable with silicon, thereby vastly expanding the range of potential applications.”
PlasticARM could pioneer a new “internet of everything,” where more than a trillion objects will be able to take advantage of a dedicated processor. As Intel’s 4-bit 4004 CPU did almost 50 years ago, PlasticARM could begin a new era of innovation in computing.
Verizon may be out-sized by AT&T when it comes to subscribers, but in terms of network coverage, speed, and reliability, this carrier doesn’t play second fiddle to anybody. Verizon also remains a pioneer in the world of mobile network technologies, and in a market where competition is stiff, it always has great offers on tap to entice new customers to ditch their current service providers and make the switch. If that describes you, then you’re in luck: We’ve rounded up all the best Verizon new customer deals of the month right here.
If you’re already a happy Verizon customer, don’t click away just yet. Many of these deals are open to you as well, so long as you upgrade to an unlimited plan and/or add a new line to your plan. Still keeping your options open? Check out our other roundup of the bestcell phone plan dealsto see what else is available.